Choline

Acetylcholine, the brain's main neurotransmitter for memory comes from choline, which is stored as phosphatidyl choline in neuron bodies and glia cells. One of the B-complex vitamins, choline also encourages the development of new contacts on neu­ron branches when old contacts are lost. Since new experiences bring new learning, the brain wants to extend its ability to save this information as memory. Choline helps facilitate this new growth and, therefore, the capacity for learning. By such activity, memory is "plastic" and capable of expanding.

Choline encourages the emulsification (even distribution) of fat in the blood, which is a water-based fluid. It also helps prevent cholesterol from sticking to the arterial walls that feed memory tis­sue. With full blood flow, the chance of oxygen starvation by stroke is lessened in neurons. Nothing kills memory like the absence of oxygen.

Studies at Columbia University discovered that choline brings about long-lasting, positive memory changes in developing neurons of rodents still in the womb. After birth, these choline-fed youngsters had better memory and slower rates of memory decline as they aged than did the offspring of female rats that were not fed choline.

Choline supplementation is an important preventive treatment for memory loss, but supplementation should be started before cholesterol buildup becomes a problem. Some studies have suggested that when a nerve pathway lacks choline, its cell bodies will start digesting their own membranes in a frantic attempt to get more available acetylcholine. This may help to explain the disappearance of massive amounts of memory tissue in the temporal yes of Alzheimer's patients, who also show very low levels of acetylcholine.

Choline is found in egg yolks, leafy green vegetables, liver, soy­beans, yeast, and wheat germ. The best supplemental source of choline is phosphatidyl choline that is derived from soy lecithin. Supplemental free-form choline is not recommended, as it must be taken in large quantities, and commonly causes a fishy odor in the breath and perspiration.

Choline has a number of positive effects on the memory body, including the following:

Changes into acetylcholine, the major neurotransmitter for P-memory.

• Is absorbed easily through the blood-brain barrier.

• Helps provide energy for "cell signaling," a process that helps H tissue duplicate itself and grow.

• Protects and nourishes other chemicals that support memory.   Encourages a state of calmness.

• Helps control harmful levels of homocysteine, which attack blood vessels.

Recommended Dosage

Take 500 to 1,000 milligrams of choline daily if under age sixty-five. Those over sixty-five should take 1 to 5 grams per day along with 50 milligrams of inositol in a good B-100 vitamin to help wit| absorption. However it may be more effective to get choline front lecithin than from choline supplements. For a long-lasting supply of choline for acetylcholine production, take two to three tablespoons of lecithin granules daily. Lecithin also contains small amounts of phosphatidyl serine/ another "smart nutrient" for memory.

Be sure to add folic acid, vitamin B12 and methionine supplements with choline for the best results. Most B-complex vitamins contain around 50 milligrams of choline and inositol but more is required for memory improvement.

Cautionary note: High levels of choline can lower stores of vitamin B6, so always take B6 with choline supplements. If not using lecithin as a choline source, look for a choline supplement that also contains inositol.   Those in the depressive stage of manic-depressive syndrome should not take choline supplements.